embolism
Embolism
Embolism is a blood circulation disorder caused by obstruction of the vessel by thrombus emboli originating from different parts of the body or outside body.
Types
Classification due to:
a) type - simple embolism (embolism rider) and atypical (hybrid and reverse embolis);
b) the type of embolic material:
• thrombus (mainly due to atrial fibrillation),
• thrombosis of biological material (bacteria - often from infected
valves),
• fragments of tumors,
• atherosclerotic plaques,
• cholesterol crystals,
• bone marrow cells,
• liver cells (after massive liver necrosis and extensive parenchymal injury),
• amniotic fluid (after complicated childbirth),
• fat droplets (after the fracture with vascular damage, injected intravenously oily liquid),
• air (iatrogenic - craniotomy in the sitting position, accidental injection of air into the veins, injury - disruption of the pulmonary parenchyma, childbirth),
• nitrogen (caisson disease).
Symptoms
They depend on location of embolus; the most popular types are:
a) embolism of arteries supplying limbs (as a result - hypoxic area);
b) embolism of arteries supplying the central nervous system (the main cause is severe atherosclerosis, as a result - ischemic stroke);
c) embolism of amniotic fluid (occurs with complicated childbirth, the fluid gets into the veins of the uterus - it contains a lot of tissue thromboplastin activating coagulation – as a result - DIC).
Treatment
a) prevention - preventing states which are accompanied by increased risk of thrombosis (venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, immobility) and the administration of anticoagulants to people in some situations (e.g. after heart valve replacement);
b) surgical - embolectomy (cutting artery and mechanical removing embolic material), it is not possible in every situation.
Use of Echo in the Evaluation of Cardiac Sources...
Echo teaching video: use of echo in the evaluation of cardiac sources of embolism.
Patient with Multiple Systemic Embolism and MV...
Clinical video case: MVR in patient with GCS 5 and PLT 50000 and multiple systemic embolism after sternotomy and CPB and CC via interatrial groove valve replacement done. With good post operative course...
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This video and accompanying manuscript review the state of the art regarding the subject of pump thrombosis (PT). The historical context of PT and the clinical data are described, the etiologic factors...
Pulmonary Embolism
A pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The cause is usually a blood clot in the leg called a deep vein thrombosis that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lung....
Thrombus In Left Atrial Appendage
The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common site for cardiac thrombus. The left atrial appendage is anatomically attached to the left inferior portion of the left atrium and consists of muscular...