The main papilla of Vater is a small nipple-like structure on the wall of the duodenum, in its "second part." The papilla forms the main exit hole for the bile and pancreatic juices which flow down the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Rarely there are two separate holes close together within the same papillary nipple. The papilla remains closed at rest, because of the activity of a muscular valve (sphincter) The sphincter (of Oddi, another Italian) surrounds the exit of the bile duct and pancreatic duct. It opens by reflex action when foods enter the stomach, so that juices can be released to help in their digestion.
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