This image and the video clip is appreciated using a magnifyng endoscope. Johann Conrad Brunner, 1653–1727, Swiss anatomist, hypertrophy of tubuloalveolar glands in the submucosal layer of the duodenum. They are most numerous in the duodenal bulb proximal to the pyloric canal and their number decreases gradually in the second and third part of the duodenum. They are not usually present in the jejunum or the ileum. It has been reported that their number increases in patients with cystic fibrosis, uraemia and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. Hyperplasia of Brunner’s glands probably represents a response of the duodenal mucosa to peptic ulcer disease.
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