All specialties videos

Early Laryngeal Cancer (T1-Glottic Carcinoma)-The...

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In this video we can see the response of an early glottic carcinoma to the radiation therapy. When there is a preservation of laryngeal function and near normal voice production we can say that there...

The Sessile-Based True Vocal Fold Polyp-Spontaneous...

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In this video we can see a large polyp arising from right true vocal fold. It caused a dysphonia and the polyp flops in and out as the patient is breathing.

Thickened Vocal Folds [Hyperkeratosis]-Reflux...

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In this video we can see hyperkeratosis which involves both true vocal folds as well as the posterior commissure area. There is an oedema and inflammation of the arytenoid mucosa. Probably a reflux laryngitis...

The View of Nasopharynx after Radiotherapy Treatment...

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In this video we can see the appearance of the nasopharynx some months after the radiotherapy treatment because of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. There are signs of the mucosal atrophy as a dry and thinner...

Transoral Nasopharyngoscopy Technique-The View...

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Nasopharynx as a hidden part of the nose is not easily visualized. It is traditionally examined indirectly by using a postnasal mirror and reflected light. And the anterior rhinoscopic examination is...

Otoendoscopy - Appearance of The Normal Eardrum

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To recognize some subtle abnormalities in certain pathologies of a eardrum it is very important to know how normal eardrum looks like. Its colour is pearly white, with a cone of light which is present...

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)- Post-Endoscopical...

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In this video we can see the appearance of the left nasal cavity in a patient after the functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) because of chronic sinusitis. An evidence of inferior turbinectomy, uncinectomy,...

Rima Glottis After Transoral CO2-Laser Cordectomy...

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In this video we can see the appearance of rima glottidis 6 months after transmuscular CO2-laser cordectomy, which was performed because of the early stage (TI) left vocal fold cancer. There is no evidence...

The Larynx (Voicebox) - The Absence of The Epiglottis...

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In this video we can see the endoscopic view of the larynx with an absence of its epiglottis [dotted squares]. As we can see the left vocal fold is immobile. However it is almost completely-compensated...

An Elongation of Uvula

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We can associate the elongated uvula with habitual snoring or obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and unexplained throat irritations and coughs. The treatment means to make it partially trimmed or...

The Vocal Fold Palsy Fully Compensated in HD

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In this video we can see a fully compensated left adductor vocal fold palsy. To produce the normal voice the normal right vocal fold needs to meet the paralyzed side without phonate gap.

Middle Ear Cavity-The Hypotympanum

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In this video we can see hypotympanum of the middle ear as seen through an eardrum perforation. [Black arrows - the air cells, green arrrow - the entrance into eustachian tube located anteroinferiorly]

Use of 70 Degrees Endoscope - Surface Marking...

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In this video we can see the surface marking of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage as seen by using a 70 rigid endoscope. The good visualization is not possible because the overlying mucosa is...

True Vocal Folds Telangiectasia

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In this video we can see telangiectasia of true vocal folds. An occurrence of haemorrhage can be either spontaneous or upon phonotrauma with the potential of scarring and dysphonia.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Caused by The...

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In this video we can see the changes in the airway lumen dimensions of the velopharynx and oropharyngeal areas during Müller's manoeuvre. It is routinely performed as an office evaluation of obstructive...

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