A variety of factors affect the prognosis of a patient with variceal bleeding. Patients withAlcoholic Cirrhosis usually have a poor prognosis, with few 5-year survivors irrespective of treatment. On the other hand, complete abstinence from alcohol can improve the prognosis and result in both lowering of portal pressure and reduction in the size of the varices. The main causes of portal hypertension can be classified anatomically: pre hepatic (portal veinthrombosis), hepatic (mainly cirrhosis, schistosomiasis and rarer causes) and post hepatic (Budd-Chiari and rarer causes)
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