ovarian cyst

Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cyst is a pathological space, usually filled with fluid, surrounded by a capsule. They may be single or bilateral.

Symptoms

They depend on the type, size and location of cysts, most are uncharacteristic or the disease is completely asymptomatic (detection occurs accidentally during routine gynecological examination):

• menstrual disorders

• vaginal bleeding unrelated to menstrual cycle

• nonlocalized abdominal pain

• nervousness, stress, headaches

• fainting

• nausea, vomiting

• constipation (pressure on the large intestine)

• urgency (pressure on the bladder)

• endocrine disorder (hirsutism, breast tenderness).

Types of ovarian cysts

Depending on the histological structure, we distinguish several types of ovarian cysts:

• functional - relate to women of childbearing age and are associated with endocrine disorders

• serum (simple) - filled with serous fluid, resembling a bubble

• chocolate (endometrial) - bilateral tumors, the size of about 15-20 cm, painfull and are often the cause of infertility, endometriosis occurs in the course

• dermatoids (leatherback) – histologically is cystic teratoma (an approximately 25% of all ovarian tumors) and may contain tissue from the three germ layers (e.g. bone, fat, hair, teeth) dimensions - up to 25 cm

• tecaluteinal - appear most often on both sides in the course of pregnancy and are associated with the presence of molar pregnancy, may also occur after treatment with gonadotropin, it is necessary to periodic inspection (up to and including diagnostic laparoscopy).

Diagnostics

There are standard gynecological examination, which complements the methods of imaging (ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound). In some cases a biopsy and diagnostic laparoscopy. Suspicion of ovarian cancer requires the determination of markers.

Treatment

Most operating (especially in the case of pressure on other organs, the risk of rupture or high risk of cancer), made the traditional way (in older women with suspected ovarian cancer) and laparoscopic (to protect your fertility).