This endoscopic image has a characteristic appearance, with yellow adherent plaques 2–10 mm. demonstrating multiple yellowish patches ("pseudomembranes") and erythematous, friable mucosa. Pseudomembranous colitis is a life-threatening complication of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy caused by Clostridium difficile. Untreated, the disease can lead to severe and in many cases fatal complications such as peritonitis due to colonic wall perforation, shock as a consequence of volume depletion, toxic megacolon and massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Fatal complications mostly occur in elderly people with a high degree of comorbidity. The risk of developing Clostridium difficile-induced colitis increases with age.
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