PATHOGENESIS — Angiodysplasias are composed of ectatic, dilated, thin-walled vessels that are lined by endothelium alone or by only small amounts of smooth muscle. Their anatomy has been best demonstrated by studies in which casts of the vessels were made by injecting a silicone material. These studies demonstrated that the most prominent feature in angiodysplasias are dilated tortuous submucosal veins. Small arteriovenous communications are present due to incompetence of the precapillary sphincter. Enlarged arteries are also present in bigger angiodysplasias and may be associated with arteriovenous fistulas, which explains why bleeding can be brisk in some patients
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