(Third Look) Pseudomembranous colitis was first described in 1893 when a patient with severe diarrhea was found to have "diphtheritic colitis" at autopsy. The condition was attributed to mucosal ischemia or viral infection until 1977, when it was reported that stool specimens from affected patients contained a toxin that produced cytopathic changes in tissue-culture cells. Within a year of that report, C. difficile, a spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobic bacillus, was identified as the source of the cytotoxin.
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