Metabolic Bone Diseases

Rohan Bidwai:

- Metabolic bone disorders are an important topic for the FRC exam in orthopedics.

- Understanding normal bone metabolism, including vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus absorption and regulation, is crucial for the exam.

- Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased fragility, with specific diagnostic criteria and risk factors.

- Diagnosis of osteoporosis involves a T score, which is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean bone mineral density for a sex and race match healthy population, and a DEXA scan, which measures bone density.

- Indications for referral for a DEXA scan include radiographic evidence of osteopenia, BMI less than 19, and history of hip fracture, and the FRAX tool is an important algorithm for osteoporosis risk assessment.

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