Angiodysplasia or arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common vascular anomaly of the GI tract. Composed of an ectatic, dilated submucosal vein (usually multiple occurrences), colonic angiodysplasia is responsible for 20 to 30 per cent of cases of acute lower GI bleeding. Occurrence is highest in persons over the age of 60, with two thirds occurring in persons over 70. Angiodysplasia is idiopathic; however, there does appear to be an increased incidence inpatients with renal disease and those with valvular heart disease. With increasing use of anti-platelet agents and anticoagulants, a previously innocuous vascular lesion may develop clinically significant bleeding. In addition, the development of capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy, has resulted in increased identification of bleeding lesions in the small bowel.
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