The Norwood operation is a complex surgical procedure performed on newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), a congenital heart defect where the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped. During the Norwood operation, the surgeon creates a new functional aorta by connecting the right ventricle directly to the pulmonary artery. This allows the right ventricle to pump blood to both the lungs and the body. Additionally, a shunt is placed to increase blood flow to the lungs. The procedure is typically performed in multiple stages, with the ultimate goal of rerouting blood flow to improve oxygenation and support the baby's growing circulatory needs. While the Norwood operation is a lifesaving intervention, it carries significant risks and requires careful postoperative management to optimize outcomes for these fragile infants.
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