Despite the progress of transplantology, vascular complications in renal transplant recipients remain a serious problem and their frequency in retrospective studies is estimated at 2.1-2.7%. Vascular complications after renal transplantation are classified into three main categories: renal artery or vein stenosis, renal artery or vein thrombosis and arterial damage. Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) occurs in 1-23% of cases and accounts for almost 75% of all post-transplant vascular complications. The frequency of renal artery thrombosis (RAT) depends on the time that has elapsed since transplantation procedure and it is estimated between 0.9% and 3.5%. Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is one of the most dangerous vascular complications that can occur after transplantation, because it leads to the loss of graft in almost all cases. It occurs with a frequency of 0.5% to 6%.
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