Immunology - Interleukin 1 (IL1) Physiology and IL1 Antagonist Pharmacology

There are many IL1 cytokines but the most well known is IL1B. IL1B is normally produced by cells during inflammation in an immature form, requiring caspase 1 to activate it. IL1B is a potent inflammatory cytokine produced by the immune cells notably the innate immune system and epithelial cells during a stimulus such as inflammation or infection. IL1B increases adhesion molecules expression on vessels, promotes diapedesis, it is a pyrogen and stimulates fibroblast activity.

IL1B is thus an attractive target for pharmacological agents.

Anakinra is a IL1B receptor antagonist. Canakinumab is a monoclonal antibody which binds to IL1B cytokine, preventing its effect on cells. These are used in inflammatory disease including rheumatoid arthritis.

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