Toxic megacolon is defined as a severe episode of colitis
with segmental or total dilatation of the colon. It is typically
a complication of ulcerative colitis, but it may be a
complication of Crohn disease, antibiotic-related
pseudomembranous colitis, and other colitides.
Pathologically, acute fulminant colitis is associated with
neuromuscular degeneration and a rapid and extensive
colonic dilatation.
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