Left ventricular noncompaction or "spongy myocardium" is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that can be diagnosed at any age. It is characterised by a thin, compacted epicardial layer and an extensive non-compacted endocardial layer, with prominent trabeculation and deep recesses that communicate with the left ventricular cavity but not with the coronary circulation, probably due to an arrest of compaction during intrauterine life. It can be isolated or associated with other congenital diseases. Non-compaction is diagnosed when the trabeculations are more than twice the thickness of the underlying ventricular wall. Video by Maged Al Ali MD.
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