Some biopsies were taken with jumbo forceps. The use of the larger 3.4 mm forceps results in larger biopsies than the standard 2.4 mm biopsy forceps, and they are therefore best for diagnostic purposes. The larger specimens obtained with these forceps are easier to orient and have proportionately less crush artifact. Vital staining of epithelial structures dates back to Schiller (1933) and originated with the use of Lugol’s solution (iodine solution) for diagnosis of neoplasias on the uterine cervix. For tumors of the esophagus staining techniques were used already in the 1960’s and 70’s since they improved the endoscopic image.
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