Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma and litiasis (5 of 13)

Associated findings and risk factors for GB carcinoma are
as follows:

Several risk factors have been identified for GBC, many of
which share a common characteristic of chronic gallbladder
inflammationlamina propria and submucosa

Cholecystolithiasis, which is present in 70-90% of patients (duration may be a key factor in development of cancer).
Composition of the bile with cholesterol stones (most commonly implicated).
Genetic factors.
Calcification of the GB wall (carcinoma in 25% of patients with "porcelain" GB).
Infections by Salmonella typhi.
Environmental carcinogens.
Gallbladder polyps
Helicobacter — Helicobacter colonization of the biliary epithelium (particularly H. bilis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease including gallbladder cancer based upon detection of Helicobacter-derived cytotoxins and surface proteins using sensitive molecular and immunohistochemical techniques. The strength of this association requires further clarification.